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KMID : 0613820120220040499
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Journal of Life Science
2012 Volume.22 No. 4 p.499 ~ p.507
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Synthesis and Biological Activities of Myomodulin E and its Analogs
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Go Hye-Jin
Seo Jung-Kil
Seo Hae-Jeom
Lee Min-Jeong
Park Tae-Hyun
Kim Gun-Do
Park Nam-Gyu
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Abstract
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Previous work has characterized myomodulin A (MMA, PMSMLRLamide) and myomodulin E (MME, GLQMLRLamide) purified from the central nervous systems of the sea hare, Aplysia Kurodai, using the anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) of the mussel, Mytilus edulis. The amino acid sequences of MMA and MME were the same as those of the myomodulin family peptide found in other mollusks. In this study, we synthesized MME, its derivatives, and other neuropeptides to investigate the relationship between the structure and biological activity of MME. The primary structures of MME's derivatives, Des[Gly¹]-MME, Des[Gly¹,Leu²]-MME, and Des[Gly¹,Leu²,Gln³]-MME, were LQMLRLamide, QMLRLamide, and MLRLamide, respectively. MMA and synthetic peptides were tested on ABRM in M. edulis as well as muscle preparations in Achatina fulica. MME displayed an inhibitory effect on phasic contraction of the ABRM at 1×10^-9 M or higher. MME also had a relaxing effect on the catch-tension of AMRM at 1×10^-8 M. Both MMA and its analogs stimulated a contractile response on the crop and relaxed the catch-relaxing response on the penial retractor muscle of A. fulica. These results suggest that MME and its analogs have modulatory effects on various muscles of mollusks. This study has also laid the groundwork for future neural and circuit modulation studies during animal behavioral changes.
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KEYWORD
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Myomodulin E, phasic contraction, penial retractor muscle, anterior byssus retractor muscle
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